exec usp_tidbit_select '77650', '1102', DEFAULT
Results For 77650 - Hurricane |
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Earthquake |
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Flood |
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Winter Weather |
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Hurricane |
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Water Damage |
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Wildfire Risk |
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Wind |
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FOUNDATION
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All anchor bolts shall be minimum 5/8” in diameter, with 3”x3”x3/16” washers. Bolts having a 90 or 180-degree hook (i.e., “J” bolts) shall have a minimum 7” embedment into the concrete or grout. Bolts without a hook shall have a minimum embedment of 18”
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Sill plates shall have anchor bolts every four feet and within 6 to 12 inches of the end of each plate.
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ROOF
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Lateral Bracing of Bottom Chord
Install horizontal braces, running perpendicular to the bottom chords of the roof trusses, at 4 feet on center and extending back 8 feet from the gable end wall. The brace will consist of a 2x4 fastened with 2 16d nails at each truss chord and 4 16d nails into the blocking in the first framing space. These lateral braces must be aligned with studs in the end wall below so that it is possible to connect the braces to wall studs using metal strapping. Such metal strapping, when properly installed, helps to resist both lateral forces, and uplift on the gable end wall.
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Bottom Chord Anchoring for Uplift
For the platform styles of wall construction (wood or masonry), it is important to transfer the uplift loads from the gable truss/frame wall to the end wall below. In order to ensure complete load paths at these points, metal straps rated for a minimum tensile load of 770 lb shall be installed at each lateral brace. In addition, for wood construction, the wall sheathing shall overlap the connection between the end wall and gable truss/frame by at least 12 inches.
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Cross Bracing
This type of bracing will transfer lateral loads from gable truss to the ceiling and roof sheathing planes where loads can be effectively transferred to shear walls. The Fortified program requires cross bracing to be installed at the same spacing as the lateral bottom chord braces described above (every 4 feet). This bracing is to be installed in all configurations with flat ceilings. Keep the orientation of the X in the vertical plane, and make sure that the connection between the cross braces and trusses is done into the side of the top chord and bottom chord of the trusses.
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Top Chord Bracing
Install 2x4x8' blocking along the top chords of gable ends at all locations where cross bracing is installed (i.e., with a horizontal projection of not more than 48” O.C.). This bracing shall be constructed in a manner that is identical to the bottom chord bracing, with the exception that the metal strapping is not required.
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The program requires 40/20 rated sheathing with a minimum thickness of 19/32” and a nailing pattern of 8d ring shank (2.5” by 0.120” diameter) nails at 4” on center on any panel adjacent to a gable end. The same nails are required at 6 inches on center everywhere else. A minimum withdrawal design value of 60 lb per fastener is required. This requirement will be met or exceeded, provided that the roof framing lumber consists of either Mixed Southern pine or Southern Pine. If required due to roof geometry, piecework (panels ripped lengthwise to a width less than 4 ft) is to be located in a strip located at least 4’ away from the ridge or eaves.
Note that the nails must be a full 2.5-inch long to qualify. Shorter nails may be qualified by the Fortified inspector through comparative analysis using information about the nail size and wood species from NER 272. All nails shall be installed such that they do not protrude out the side of the framing members.
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All roof-sheathing joints shall be sealed with a self-adhered asphalt/rubber tape (modified bitumen) at least 4” wide to provide a secondary moisture barrier. Product must comply with ASTM D 1970 “Self-Adhering Polymer Bituminous Sheet”.
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Roofing underlayment shall consist of either a single layer of 30# felt with a minimum 2” overlap or two layers of 15# felt with a 19” overlap. Both underlayments require a minimum 6” end lap. Nail spacing shall be no greater than 6” along the laps and 12” in the interior of each strip using low profile roofing nails with load distribution disks or capped head nails. Roofs within 3000 feet of salt water require hot dipped galvanized fasteners for attachments of all roof coverings, including the underlayment.
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Install weather resistant barrier consisting of house wrap or building paper in weather board fashion starting from base of the wall and working upward. The first course of weather resistant barrier should be tucked up under the sill and loose ends of jamb flashing. Attach sill and jamb flashing to barrier. Apply next courses of barrier to overlap the jamb flashing If the builder is looking for a list of what products have Miami-Dade county approval, they should consult www.buildingcodeonline.com and click on the Product Approvals link. Builders may also contact IBHS for information on approved roofing materials. All roof coverings, regardless of type, must be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations for high wind regions.
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WALLS
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All exterior wood framed walls must be fully sheathed with minimum 15/32” thick 32/16 rated sheathing wood structural panels (Plywood or OSB). Sheathing shall overlap both top and bottom sill plates and be continuous from the plate for at least 2 feet into the wall (as shown in Figure 3-2). In two story homes, sheathing shall also overlap wall framing in both stories by no less than 2 feet to provide sufficient inter-story connections. Nailing schedule shall be 10d nails at 6” spacing along the 8’ edges, 6” staggered double row along the 4’ edges, and 12” spacing in the field of each structural panel.
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In one story wood frame walls, blocking shall be provided at 48” on center in the first two framing spaces of wood framed walls from all corners and at either end of garage door openings. In two story wood frame walls, blocking shall be provided where needed in all framing spaces to allow nailing around the perimeters of wall sheathing.
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All exterior walls shall be constructed as “shear walls” for at least 50% of their length. Fully sheathed wall segments wider than 48 inches without any openings larger than 144 square inches are considered shear walls provided that they have hold downs at the end of each segment (Figure 3-4) with minimum allowable load capacities as follows:
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Inter-story (2nd story to 1st story) details must include metal strapping every 48 inches (every 3rd stud) along exterior walls with an allowable load capacity of at least 1500 lb and be sheathed with continuous wood structural panels of at least 15/32 inches.
In addition to the straps the builder should install sheathing so that the horizontal joints between sheathing are at least 2 feet above/below the floor connection. This essentially implies that sheathing shall be oriented vertically across the inter-story connection.
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All wood framed floors must have full depth 2x blocking in the first two spaces between the floor joists at each end of the floor diaphragm. Blocking shall be spaced no more than 4 feet on center, and shall correspond with the joints between subflooring panels for edge nailing purposes. Subflooring shall be nailed to floor framing using 10d common nails at 6”/12” spacing on the 1st floor and 4”/12” spacing on the 2nd floor for shear resistance. Where subflooring overlaps the first two framing spaces at each end of the diaphragm, proper edge nailing must be used to connect the subflooring to the blocking below.
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Hardware connectors must be provided from all roof framing members to wall frames. All connectors shall wrap over the top of the roof truss or rafter and be installed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The minimum allowable load for these straps is 1345 lb for roof framing spaced at 24”, and 900 lb for roof framing spaced at 16”. (per SSTD 10-99) These uplift loads are based upon the SSTD 10-99 110 mph fastest mile requirements for a building 36’ wide, having a roof dead load of 7 psf.
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Securely anchor connections for exterior attached structures such as carports and porches that attach to the main structure of the house. Stainless steel or hot dipped galvanized hardware with a minimum rating of G185 shall be used for any connections that will be exposed to weathering in service. Fasteners used with such hardware shall consist of a similar metal to prevent accelerated corrosion. In Coastal A and V flood zones, all exposed hardware and fasteners must be stainless steel.
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WINDOWS
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Windows and doors are installed according to manufacturers specifications. The Fortified program has specific requirements for flashing around all windows and doors in wood frame walls that may exceed requirements from manufacturer. Confirm that flashing meets the following specifications. Note that there is no requirement for flashing in masonry walls. The intent of these details is to prevent moisture penetration into the wall cavities as well as the interior spaces. As a builder, you are encouraged to obtain training and certification through the AAMA (American Architectural Manufacturers Association) InstallationMastersTM Residential and Light Commercial Window and Door Installation Program.
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Install a 9” wide piece of flashing flush with the rough opening of the window allowing the flashing material to overlap the sheathing below. Fasten with staples at the top edge and do not remove release paper until weather resistant barrier is installed in Step 5. Extend the flashing 9” beyond the rough opening at the side jambs.
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Install 9” wide flashing on the side jambs of the windows opening letting the material extend above the top opening 8.5” and extending below the sill for a minimum of 9”. Jamb flashing should overlap the sill flashing. Attach entire length except for lowest 9” to allow weather resistant barrier to be installed in Step 5.
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Apply a continuous bead of sealant to back of perimeter of mounting flange in line with the pre-punched holes. Install window in wall according to the manufacturers recommended schedule. Cover up any pre-punched holes in nailing flange with sealant.
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Apply a bead of sealant to outside of top mounting flange and then install 9” wide flashing overlapping nailing flange. Head flashing must cover top edge of jamb flashing and should extend a minimum of 9” past side jambs of window.
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Install weather resistant barrier consisting of house wrap or building paper in weather board fashion starting from base of the wall and working upward. The first course of weather resistant barrier should be tucked up under the sill and loose ends of jamb flashing. Attach sill and jamb flashing to barrier. Apply next courses of barrier to overlap the jamb flashing.
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All entry doors, windows, skylights, patio doors and garage doors must be tested and certified to meet impact resistance and pressure standards. If the units themselves are not tested, then they must be protected by a protection system (storm shutter or screen) that meets the impact resistance standards. Systems must be compliant with at least one of the following:
· ASTM E 1996
· SSTD-12
· Miami-Dade County Protocol A 201
· Florida Building Code TAS 201
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